Welcome Class,
Today our concentration was on Gerunds and Infinitives. Remember what they look like.
Gerunds
base verb + ing
ex. eating, sleeping, going, waiting
Infinitives
to + base verb
ex. to eat, to sleep, to go, to wait
Also remember that you will almost never use both "to" and "ing"
ex.I can't wait to seeing you later. I can't wait to see you later.
He likes to skating in the winter. He likes skating in the winter.
Gerunds are used as nouns, and infinitives are verbs that usually follow other verbs.
We read four paragraphs about extreme sports and answered some questions about them. Here's the document.
A. Read the four articles below about extreme sports. After you have read the
articles, answer the questions below.
1. Which of the sports have only been in existence for a few years?
2. Which of the sports have their own special vocabulary words
3. Which of the sports has inspired new sports for other reasons?
4. According to the article, which sports have organizations to support and promote
them?
5. Which sport has a very long history?
6. Which sports does the article say can cause death?
7. In which sport are women competing as successfully as men?
8. Which sports does the article compare to the movement of animals?
9. Which sports have been created by putting other sports
A. Freediving
Not all extreme sports are modern. Ancient civilisations went freediving to
explore the depths of the sea. Don’t even consider using an oxygen tank – free
divers attempt to reach their maximum depth or distance on just one breath of air.
With funs almost twice as long as those for scuba diving, freedivers don’t need to
use as much effort to move. Freediving is as close to swimming like a fish or dolphin
as humans can get. Humans, like dolphins and some other mammals, have a reflex
that begins to slow our heart rate down when we put our faces in water. Freedivers
practice slowing down their heart rate and breathing rate and try to relax as much
as possible, which allows them to dive deeper and longer. Such dives can prove
dangerous. Divers who stay down for too long begin to convulse. The term for this
condition is ‘the samba’ because the victims appear to dance. Some medical experts
suggest that if people continue to delay surfacing, divers will risk losing their lives.
National associations want to establish guidelines that will make the sport safer.
While men still dominate freediving, more and more women are showing
their strength in the sport. In 1996, Mehgan Heaney-Grier set a US record of 155
feet, breaking both men’s and women’s records. She broke it again a year later
when she dove 165 feet. Another woman, Tanya Streeter, holds a number of world
records, in many cases, beating both men and women.
B. Wakeboarding
Can you do the Whirlybird? How about the Elephant? If so, you may have
already tried one of the newest and hottest water sports: wakeboarding. A
combination of water skiing, snowboarding and surfing, wakeboarding provides the
opportunity for creativity that only a young sport can. Wakeboarding gets its name
from the large wake that specially designed boats leave behind them in the water.
The sport uses special convex boards which permit the boarder to cut quickly into
the wake and catch more air. Although it is still a young sport, it already has a
governing association, and a number of supporters who hope to make
wakeboarding an Olympic event in the future. Among the easiest of adventure
sports to learn, some say it is the fastest growing water sports in the world. So if
you want a real adrenalin rush, grab your board and throw a Tantrum!
C. Paragliding
Would like glide through the air like a bird? If so, consider learning to
paraglide. The sport has been around since the 1970’s, and today there are nearly
half a million pilots in Europe alone who are hooked on floating over the
countryside.
Paragliding uses a canopy similar to a parachute, but it is designed to takeoff
on foot rather than out of an airplane. You run down a hillside and launch into their
air. You can expect to fly for an hour or more if the conditions are right. The longest
recorded flight lasted over eleven hours, and covered almost 200 miles! If you enjoy
looking at scenery and being outdoors, this may be the sport for you.
As with any flying sport, if you decide to give paragliding a try, get proper
instruction from a respected school, where you will learn to control the paraglider
in different conditions.
D. Kitesurfing
Imagine standing on a board while a kite carries you across the surface of the
water or forty feet into the air! If that sounds like its for you, try the latest craze:
kitesurfing. It is by far the wildest of the new extreme sports. Only identified as a
sport at the end of the 1990’s, it nevertheless has been one of the fastest growing.
Sometimes called kite boarding, it is a combination of surfing, wind surfing,
wakeboarding, and kite flying. It might, at first, seem easy – a light wind is enough
to get started. However, looks can be deceiving. First, the sport requires controlling
the board and the kite at the same time. Additionally, because the kite makes its
own wind, called apparent wind, power and speed increase dramatically. You can’t
afford to lose control in this sport – the results could be deadly. So if you can’t wait
to try it, avoid getting hurt by making sure you get good training.
If you prefer to play in the snow (or in the sand!), don’t worry! Kitesurfing
has given birth to other extreme sports: snow kiting and landboarding. Snow kiting
uses a snow board or skis plus a kite to reach speeds of over 60mph and lifts
participants ten or more feet into the air. Landboarding is similar, but with a
wheeled board. The challenges keep getting greater and greater!
After reading the documents, we searched the readings for occurrences of "verb + gerund" and "verb + infinitive." Using what we found, we created a list of verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives. The worksheet looked like this.
Gerund Only Infinitive Only G and I No Change G and I Change
We classified all of the verbs from the reading into one of these four categories. We will have a more complete list in class on Thursday
Main Learning Point
You should be able to identify gerunds and infinitives. You should see the relationship between verb and gerunds/infinitives. You should know that there are some verbs that can only be used with gerunds or infinitives. You should also know that there are some verbs that can be used with both gerunds and infinitives and the meaning of the sentence does not change.
Today our concentration was on Gerunds and Infinitives. Remember what they look like.
Gerunds
base verb + ing
ex. eating, sleeping, going, waiting
Infinitives
to + base verb
ex. to eat, to sleep, to go, to wait
Also remember that you will almost never use both "to" and "ing"
ex.
Gerunds are used as nouns, and infinitives are verbs that usually follow other verbs.
We read four paragraphs about extreme sports and answered some questions about them. Here's the document.
A. Read the four articles below about extreme sports. After you have read the
articles, answer the questions below.
1. Which of the sports have only been in existence for a few years?
2. Which of the sports have their own special vocabulary words
3. Which of the sports has inspired new sports for other reasons?
4. According to the article, which sports have organizations to support and promote
them?
5. Which sport has a very long history?
6. Which sports does the article say can cause death?
7. In which sport are women competing as successfully as men?
8. Which sports does the article compare to the movement of animals?
9. Which sports have been created by putting other sports
A. Freediving
Not all extreme sports are modern. Ancient civilisations went freediving to
explore the depths of the sea. Don’t even consider using an oxygen tank – free
divers attempt to reach their maximum depth or distance on just one breath of air.
With funs almost twice as long as those for scuba diving, freedivers don’t need to
use as much effort to move. Freediving is as close to swimming like a fish or dolphin
as humans can get. Humans, like dolphins and some other mammals, have a reflex
that begins to slow our heart rate down when we put our faces in water. Freedivers
practice slowing down their heart rate and breathing rate and try to relax as much
as possible, which allows them to dive deeper and longer. Such dives can prove
dangerous. Divers who stay down for too long begin to convulse. The term for this
condition is ‘the samba’ because the victims appear to dance. Some medical experts
suggest that if people continue to delay surfacing, divers will risk losing their lives.
National associations want to establish guidelines that will make the sport safer.
While men still dominate freediving, more and more women are showing
their strength in the sport. In 1996, Mehgan Heaney-Grier set a US record of 155
feet, breaking both men’s and women’s records. She broke it again a year later
when she dove 165 feet. Another woman, Tanya Streeter, holds a number of world
records, in many cases, beating both men and women.
B. Wakeboarding
Can you do the Whirlybird? How about the Elephant? If so, you may have
already tried one of the newest and hottest water sports: wakeboarding. A
combination of water skiing, snowboarding and surfing, wakeboarding provides the
opportunity for creativity that only a young sport can. Wakeboarding gets its name
from the large wake that specially designed boats leave behind them in the water.
The sport uses special convex boards which permit the boarder to cut quickly into
the wake and catch more air. Although it is still a young sport, it already has a
governing association, and a number of supporters who hope to make
wakeboarding an Olympic event in the future. Among the easiest of adventure
sports to learn, some say it is the fastest growing water sports in the world. So if
you want a real adrenalin rush, grab your board and throw a Tantrum!
C. Paragliding
Would like glide through the air like a bird? If so, consider learning to
paraglide. The sport has been around since the 1970’s, and today there are nearly
half a million pilots in Europe alone who are hooked on floating over the
countryside.
Paragliding uses a canopy similar to a parachute, but it is designed to takeoff
on foot rather than out of an airplane. You run down a hillside and launch into their
air. You can expect to fly for an hour or more if the conditions are right. The longest
recorded flight lasted over eleven hours, and covered almost 200 miles! If you enjoy
looking at scenery and being outdoors, this may be the sport for you.
As with any flying sport, if you decide to give paragliding a try, get proper
instruction from a respected school, where you will learn to control the paraglider
in different conditions.
D. Kitesurfing
Imagine standing on a board while a kite carries you across the surface of the
water or forty feet into the air! If that sounds like its for you, try the latest craze:
kitesurfing. It is by far the wildest of the new extreme sports. Only identified as a
sport at the end of the 1990’s, it nevertheless has been one of the fastest growing.
Sometimes called kite boarding, it is a combination of surfing, wind surfing,
wakeboarding, and kite flying. It might, at first, seem easy – a light wind is enough
to get started. However, looks can be deceiving. First, the sport requires controlling
the board and the kite at the same time. Additionally, because the kite makes its
own wind, called apparent wind, power and speed increase dramatically. You can’t
afford to lose control in this sport – the results could be deadly. So if you can’t wait
to try it, avoid getting hurt by making sure you get good training.
If you prefer to play in the snow (or in the sand!), don’t worry! Kitesurfing
has given birth to other extreme sports: snow kiting and landboarding. Snow kiting
uses a snow board or skis plus a kite to reach speeds of over 60mph and lifts
participants ten or more feet into the air. Landboarding is similar, but with a
wheeled board. The challenges keep getting greater and greater!
After reading the documents, we searched the readings for occurrences of "verb + gerund" and "verb + infinitive." Using what we found, we created a list of verbs that can be followed by gerunds or infinitives. The worksheet looked like this.
Gerund Only Infinitive Only G and I No Change G and I Change
We classified all of the verbs from the reading into one of these four categories. We will have a more complete list in class on Thursday
Main Learning Point
You should be able to identify gerunds and infinitives. You should see the relationship between verb and gerunds/infinitives. You should know that there are some verbs that can only be used with gerunds or infinitives. You should also know that there are some verbs that can be used with both gerunds and infinitives and the meaning of the sentence does not change.
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